{"id":445,"date":"2008-12-13T12:00:17","date_gmt":"2008-12-13T18:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.kirkmahoney.com\/blog\/2008\/12\/ampersand-vs-and\/"},"modified":"2008-12-13T12:15:47","modified_gmt":"2008-12-13T18:15:47","slug":"ampersand-vs-and","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kirkmahoney.com\/wordpress\/blog\/2008\/12\/ampersand-vs-and\/","title":{"rendered":"Ampersand vs. &#8220;And&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>I sometimes see an ampersand used where the word &#8220;and&#8221; is required.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Problem:<\/strong><br \/>\nThese two conjunctions are not quite synonyms.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><br \/>\nWikipedia has an excellent <a target=\"_ampersand\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ampersand\">overview<\/a> of the ampersand.<\/p>\n<p>As Wikipedia notes, &#8220;The word <em>ampersand<\/em> is a corruption of the phrase &#8216;and <em>per se<\/em> and&#8217;, meaning &#8216;and [the symbol which] by itself [is] <em>and<\/em>&#8216;.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The ampersand symbol &#8212; &#038; &#8212; comes from a ligature of the letters &#8220;e&#8221; and &#8220;t&#8221; in the Latin word <em>et<\/em>, which means &#8220;and&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Although the rise in popularity of SMS text messaging &#8212; with its 140-characters-per-message limit &#8212; has spurred the increasing use of the one-character &#8220;&#038;&#8221; as a substitute for the three-character &#8220;and&#8221;, it is NOT appropriate to use the ampersand absolutely everywhere as a substitute for &#8220;and&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Here is a summary of where the ampersand is appropriate:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In the name of a business (e.g., &#8220;Smith &#038; Jones&#8221;);<\/li>\n<li>When addressing an envelope to a couple (e.g., &#8220;Dr. &#038; Mrs. Johnson&#8221;);<\/li>\n<li>In book and movie titles (e.g., &#8220;Harry &#038; Tonto&#8221;);<\/li>\n<li>When giving credit for close collaboration on a screenplay (e.g., &#8220;William Benson &#038; Mary Gallagher&#8221;);<\/li>\n<li>When citing sources in text, per the <a target=\"_apa\" href=\"http:\/\/books.apa.org\/books.cfm?id=4210509\">APA style guide<\/a> (e.g., &#8220;(Watson &#038; Crick, 1955)&#8221;).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>An ampersand is also used in many computer languages.<\/p>\n<p>Otherwise, an ampersand should NOT be used as a substitute for the conjunction &#8220;and&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Solution:<\/strong><br \/>\nReserve the use of the ampersand (&#038;) as a substitute for the conjunction &#8220;and&#8221; in business names, movie and book titles, names of couples on envelopes, and some other special situations.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I sometimes see an ampersand used where the word &#8220;and&#8221; is required. Problem: These two conjunctions are not quite synonyms. Explanation: Wikipedia has an excellent overview of the ampersand. As Wikipedia notes, &#8220;The word ampersand is a corruption of the phrase &#8216;and per se and&#8217;, meaning &#8216;and [the symbol which] by itself [is] and&#8216;.&#8221; The&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-445","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-conjunctions","category-versus"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ampersand vs. &quot;And&quot; - Kirk Mahoney . com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kirkmahoney.com\/wordpress\/blog\/2008\/12\/ampersand-vs-and\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ampersand vs. &quot;And&quot; - Kirk Mahoney . com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"I sometimes see an ampersand used where the word &#8220;and&#8221; is required. Problem: These two conjunctions are not quite synonyms. Explanation: Wikipedia has an excellent overview of the ampersand. As Wikipedia notes, &#8220;The word ampersand is a corruption of the phrase &#8216;and per se and&#8217;, meaning &#8216;and [the symbol which] by itself [is] and&#8216;.&#8221; The&hellip;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.kirkmahoney.com\/wordpress\/blog\/2008\/12\/ampersand-vs-and\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Kirk Mahoney . com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2008-12-13T18:00:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2008-12-13T18:15:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Kirk\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kirk\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.kirkmahoney.com\/wordpress\/blog\/2008\/12\/ampersand-vs-and\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.kirkmahoney.com\/wordpress\/blog\/2008\/12\/ampersand-vs-and\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kirk\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.kirkmahoney.com\/wordpress\/#\/schema\/person\/ef2d2a9df1a7b457aacaa1b36d0ffe3a\"},\"headline\":\"Ampersand vs. &#8220;And&#8221;\",\"datePublished\":\"2008-12-13T18:00:17+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2008-12-13T18:15:47+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.kirkmahoney.com\/wordpress\/blog\/2008\/12\/ampersand-vs-and\/\"},\"wordCount\":249,\"articleSection\":[\"Conjunctions\",\"Versus\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.kirkmahoney.com\/wordpress\/blog\/2008\/12\/ampersand-vs-and\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.kirkmahoney.com\/wordpress\/blog\/2008\/12\/ampersand-vs-and\/\",\"name\":\"Ampersand vs. \\\"And\\\" - Kirk Mahoney . com\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.kirkmahoney.com\/wordpress\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2008-12-13T18:00:17+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2008-12-13T18:15:47+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.kirkmahoney.com\/wordpress\/#\/schema\/person\/ef2d2a9df1a7b457aacaa1b36d0ffe3a\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.kirkmahoney.com\/wordpress\/blog\/2008\/12\/ampersand-vs-and\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.kirkmahoney.com\/wordpress\/blog\/2008\/12\/ampersand-vs-and\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.kirkmahoney.com\/wordpress\/blog\/2008\/12\/ampersand-vs-and\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.kirkmahoney.com\/wordpress\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Ampersand vs. &#8220;And&#8221;\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.kirkmahoney.com\/wordpress\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.kirkmahoney.com\/wordpress\/\",\"name\":\"Kirk Mahoney . com\",\"description\":\"Better Communication for Smart People\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.kirkmahoney.com\/wordpress\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.kirkmahoney.com\/wordpress\/#\/schema\/person\/ef2d2a9df1a7b457aacaa1b36d0ffe3a\",\"name\":\"Kirk\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9a8752dc5ed4333a83c8044afd0530fb70bcf58c955e7b5cbadbbd7b4c82c7cd?s=96&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9a8752dc5ed4333a83c8044afd0530fb70bcf58c955e7b5cbadbbd7b4c82c7cd?s=96&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9a8752dc5ed4333a83c8044afd0530fb70bcf58c955e7b5cbadbbd7b4c82c7cd?s=96&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Kirk\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\/\/\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.kirkmahoney.com\/wordpress\/blog\/author\/Kirk\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Ampersand vs. \"And\" - Kirk Mahoney . com","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.kirkmahoney.com\/wordpress\/blog\/2008\/12\/ampersand-vs-and\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Ampersand vs. \"And\" - Kirk Mahoney . com","og_description":"I sometimes see an ampersand used where the word &#8220;and&#8221; is required. 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